Endep
By W. Baldar. College of New Rochelle. 2018.
Eastern and western equine Sarcopterinus nidulans – Narrow body louse encephalomyelitis Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis Cytodytes nudus Bonomiella columbae Rubivirus – Air sac mite Physconelloides spp best 25mg endep symptoms parkinsons disease. West-Nil-Virus – Forms nodules within the subcutis – Bedbugs Avian paramyxovirus 50 mg endep mastercard symptoms of ms, serotype 1 Neonyssus spp. Haematosiphon inodora Newcastle disease, serotype 1 – In nasal and sinus cavities – Adobe bug pigeon, serotype 7 Speleognathus striatus Oeciacus vicarius Avian influenzavirus A – As above Triatoma spp. Avian retrovirus Cheyletiella heteropalpa – Assassin bug – Type C retrovirus group (Avian – Feather mite Ceratophyllus spp. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare – Louse fly Hypoderaeum conoideum Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Stribometapa podostyla Cotylurus cornutus Listeria spp. Dispharynx nasuta Toxoplasma gondii Acinetobacter calcoaceticus – Spiral stomach worm Sarcosporidia spp. Cryptococcus neoformans – Thread worms Trypanosoma hannai Histoplasma capsulatum Syngamus trachea Spironucleus columbae Aspergillus spp. Squabs are particularly susceptible to the virus and may small portions to avoid overloading the crop. London, New York, Aca- Brieftauben - Diagnostik und Columbiformes by cloacal characters. München, Wien, Old- the pigeon’s egg, with especial refer- graphic Anatomy and Diagnosis of 23. Biol Bull 13:251-271, che Untersuchungen an jungen und Biol Bull 13:231-250, 1907. Hoffman und Morphology and mechanisms of the Utrecht, The Netherlands, vet med pp 335-338; 386-387, 1972. Korbel R: Praxis der Injektions - und tional Aeronautics and Space Admini- Columba livia domestica. Utrecht, lin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer Blutentnahmetechniken an Vogelpa- stration, 1972. Korbel R: Zwangsmaßnahmen beim pam, Climazolam und Pentobarbital- die Musterung und Färbung von Tauben (Columba livia Gmelin 1789) Vogelpatienten. München, lagen und praktische Durchführung, ztliche Hochschule, vet med Diss, Jahrbuch, Abteilung für allgemeine Universität, vet med Diss, 1987, pp 1- Teil 1,2. The C H A P T E R Red Junglefowl, Common Turkey and M Helmeted Guineafowl have been domes- ticated for centuries and are of considerable economic importance. Some varieties reach monstrous propor- tions and some members of the order, like the Japa- nese Quail and various pheasants, are approaching a level of complete domestication. Other species are from niches with specific environmental require- ments and need specialized diets, humidity or tem- perature to survive. Maintaining, breeding, treating or dealing with gal- linaceous birds may be regulated by laws that govern Christian Schales the protection of animals, property rights, exchange Kerstin Schales of goods, liability, epornitics, food for human con- sumption, hunting and (international) transport of animals. Several gallinaceous birds have anatomic or physi- ologic peculiarities that should be discussed. The feathers in this region are temporarily lost, and body heat is transferred directly from the brooding bird to the eggs. Tail-less breeds of the domestic fowl and the argus pheasants have no preen gland. A brush-like feather tuft that absorbs secretions from the gland is present on the uropygial teat (see Figure 24. Junglefowl possess marked unpaired carneous combs consisting of a wide intermediate layer, which is formed of a fibrillar network filled with mucus-like substances that impact elastic stability to the comb. The paired wattles of the throat are similar In New World quail, the edge of the lower bill is in structure to the comb (Figure 45. An osseous process, the size of the wattles is influenced by hormones, and which can be large in some species or subspecies, both are better developed in cocks than in hens. The wattles The structure of the skin appendages on the head and of the Helmeted Guineafowl are white to light-blue neck of turkeys varies from those described in jungle- and, like the helmet, are larger in cocks than in hens. These appendages have no elastic intermediate layer but do have superficial, muscular and vascular some cracids also possess ornamental appendages of layers. Turkeys have a single snood on the forehead that can Some breeds of the domestic fowl, some megapodes, increase or decrease in length. Numerous red carun- some francolins, some tragopans and some pheas- cles are located on the poorly feathered blue skin of ants have completely featherless heads and necks or the head. A beard consisting of tough dark bristles is featherless areas of the head or neck.
Twenty patients with typical chronic gingivitis who participate this study were randomly divided into two groups purchase 10mg endep with mastercard treatment 2 degree burns, 10 patients for 0 order endep 10 mg on-line treatment emergent adverse event. The plaque score, bleeding on probing supra-gingival plaque formation, staining effect and severity of gingivitis were examined prior to the clinical trail, as baseline and 4 weeks after trial. Both chlorhexidine and Ponna-yiek mouthwashes showed significant effectiveness in plague score, bleeding on probing and severity of gingivitis when compared to before treatment. Staining effects were observed in patients who used chlorhexidine but not in patients who used Ponna-yeik mouthwash. There were no significant differences between two groups in all scores except staining score after 4 weeks of treatment. It was concluded that Ponna-yeik mouthwash revealed anti-inflammation and anti- plague activity without staining. These investigations were performed to find out whether the extracts of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Plethysmometer apparatus was used to measure the volume changes of the rat’s paw oedema. It was found that the anti-inflammatory action of both extracts started to appear with the does of 3g/kg. Crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts has does response relationship of anti-inflammatory acion. The results also showed that anti- inflammatory action of ethanolic extract of Dan was found to be superior to that of aqueous extract. At 1hour after carrageenan injection, anti- infammatory action of 3g/kg of ethanolic extract was superior to that of acetylsalicylic acid (300mg/kg). The results indicated that there was no lethality up to 6g/kg body weight with both aqueous and 95% ethanolic extracts. General pharmacological screening test of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dan on albino rats had shown no abnormal changes. The phytochemistry of the extracts showed that the aqueous extract contained saponins, tannoids, steroids and amino acids. So, it was found that anti-inflammatory action of both extracts of Lawaonia inermis Linn. Experimental evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of these plants was studied on carrageenin-induced acute inflammation in in vivo method using rats. Thus this study has shown that the tested medicinal plants possess anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-malaria activities and chemical investigation of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. To find a new antimalarial medicine derived from natural resources, two plant materials, namely bark of Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. In vitro antimalarial activity was measured via schizontocidal activity using 96 well microtitre plates with fresh isolates of Plasmodium falciparum strains. The in vivo antimalarial activity of plant extracts were carried out in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii, using Peter’s 4-day therapeutic test. The does used for testing antimalarial activity of the individual extracts was 500, 250 and 125mg/kg body weigh once a day for four consecutive days. Anti-malarial activity and identification of active principal of Dichroa febrifuga grown in Pyin Oo Lwin area. Myanmar medicinal plant, Yin-pyar, grown in Pyin Oo Lwin area was botanically identified by this study as Dichroa febrifuga of hydrangeaceae family. The anti- malarial properties of dry root of Yin-pyar plant were evaluated against rodent malaria, Plasmodium berghei, in mouse model by in vivo suppressive test and therapeutic test. In the suppressive test treatment started at 3hour after inoculation of parasite when parasitemia was minimal. In the therapeutic test treatment started on the fourth day after inoculation of parasite when parasitemia in mice reached 2.
Leukopenias associated with heteropenias can be associated with certain Although avian heterophils lack the myeloperoxi- viral diseases (eg generic endep 75 mg visa medications similar to vyvanse, Pacheco’s disease virus) and over- dase and alkaline phosphatase of mammalian neu- whelming bacterial infections purchase endep 75mg line symptoms anxiety. A depression of the hematopoietic magnitude or severity of the initiating inflammatory tissue is indicated by a leukopenia, heteropenia and process. A degenerative hydrogen peroxide during phagocytosis, they do con- response is indicated by the presence of a leukopenia, tain lysosomal enzymes and have a bactericidal func- heteropenia, immature heterophils and toxic hetero- tion. This degenerative response can be differenti- be associated with infectious agents (eg, bacteria, ated from depletion only by the presence of toxic fungi, chlamydia and parasites) and noninfectious heterophils or by following the decreasing leukocyte etiologies (eg, traumatic injury and toxicities). Leukopenias associ- slight to moderate leukocytosis, heterophilia and ated with lymphopenias have been reported in early lymphopenia can result from either an exogenous or response to corticosteroids in some species of endogenous excess of glucocorticosteroids (stress re- birds. The numbers of circulating heterophils than lymphocytes presence of many reactive lymphocytes is also sug- often show a less dramatic change in the leukogram gestive of antigenic stimulation. A marked leukocytosis and heterophilia are tive lymphocyte may be found in the blood film of often associated with chlamydiosis, avian tuberculo- normal birds. A marked lymphocytosis, Immature heterophils occur rarely in the peripheral with the majority of cells appearing as small mature blood of most species of birds. When present, they lymphocytes with scalloped cytoplasmic margins, is generally represent an overwhelming peripheral de- suggestive of lymphoid neoplasia. A marked number of immature heterophils may be associated with a disorders can create a peripheral monocytosis, it may granulocytic leukemia, a rare condition in birds. Thus, condi- tecting characteristic intraerythrocytic gametocytes tions responsible for inducing avian eosinophilias in peripheral blood films. Only the gametocyte stage most likely differ from those causing mammalian of this organism appears in the peripheral blood, eosinophilias. Eosinophilias associated with gastro- whereas schizogony occurs in the tissues (eg, lung, intestinal nematode infections have occasionally spleen and liver). Macrogameto- cytes stain blue with Romanowsky stains and have As with avian eosinophils, the exact function of baso- pigment granules dispersed throughout the cyto- phils in birds is unknown. The smaller microgametocytes lar to mammalian basophils in their ability to pro- stain pale blue to pink with pigment granules ap- duce, store and release histamine. If blood containing to participate in the initial phase of the acute inflam- Haemoproteus organisms is allowed to stand at room matory response in birds, but this is not always temperature for a few hours prior to preparing a reflected as a basophilia in the leukogram. The macrogametes appear as spheres that re- birds, a peripheral blood basophilia may suggest the semble the macrogametocytes within the red cell presence of these conditions. When gametes are found, it Interpretation of Thrombocyte Changes should be considered as an artifact of blood film preparation because these structures normally leave Avian thrombocytes play a primary role in hemosta- the host red cell following ingestion by the interme- sis in a manner similar to mammalian platelets. They may also have a phagocytic function and par- ticipate in removing foreign material from the Leucocytozoon is easily identified from blood films blood. Like Haem- erythrocytes can be used as a general reference for oproteus, only the gametocyte stage of Leucocytozoon most birds. Thrombocytopenias are often host cell nucleus pushed to the margin of the cell and seen with severe septicemias, where a combination of the parasite nucleus, a pale-pink nucleus within the excessive peripheral demand for thrombocytes and parasite. The parasitized cell usually has tapered depression of thrombocyte production may occur. A ends with the remnants of the cell membrane trailing thrombocytosis may reflect a rebound response fol- away from the cell. The macrogametocyte stains lowing hemorrhage or recovery from other conditions dark blue with a condensed nucleus and occasional associated with excessive utilization of thrombo- cytoplasmic vacuoles. Often a regenerative response can be detected light blue with a diffuse, pale-pink nucleus. Gameto- by the presence of immature thrombocytes in the cytes of Leucocytozoon lack the refractile pigment peripheral blood film. The intraerythrocytic gametocytes of Plasmodium Identification of Common Blood Parasites spp. Two key features that aid in the detection of Plasmodium are Evaluation of the the presence of schizogony in the peripheral blood and gametocytes or schizonts in blood cells other Hematopoietic Tissue than erythrocytes. The number of merozoites pro- Hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the bone marrow duced depends upon the species of Plasmodium. As of post-hatch birds; however, hematopoietic activity with Haemoproteus, Plasmodium macrogametocytes may also be found in various internal organs (eg, stain darker than the microgametocytes. In such situations, resampling a pected cases of leukemia or if unexplained abnormal week or more later will often reveal the developed cells are found in the peripheral blood.
Detailed results on the evaluated pharmacological activity discount 25mg endep with amex treatment ulcerative colitis, acute toxicity study and qualitative chemical tests were discussed and reported proven endep 50mg medications look up. Mu Mu Sein Myint; Aye Than; Aung Aung Maw; May Aye Than; Khin Tar Yar Myint; Win Win Maw; Myint Myint Khine; San San Myint; Thandar Than. This study is to determine the phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity and the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of dried seeds of Cuminum cyminun Linn. Qualitative identification tests of the chemical constituents present in the crude powder and aqueous extract were conducted. Acute toxicity study of the aqueous extract of dried seeds was evaluated and was observed that it was not toxic up to 6g/kg body weight. Evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract was carried out on adrenaline-induced diabetic rabbits. It was found that the aqueous extract of 3gm/kg body wt of dried seeds significantly lowered the blood glucose levels at 1hr (p<0. Mu Mu Sein Myint; May Aye Than; Khine Khine Lwin; Aye Than; Khin Tar Yar Myint; Mar Mar Myint; Phyu phyu Win; Hla Phyo Lin; Khin May Nyo. The aim of this study is to determine phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity and hypoglycemic effect of aqueous and 95% ethanol extract of whole plant of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Phytochemical results showed that crude powder, aqueous extract and 95% ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, amino acids and polyphenols. Acute toxicity study of crude powder, aqueous extract and 95% ethanol extracts were evaluated in mice. Both crude powder and 95% ethanol extracts showed no evidence of toxicity up to the maximum feasible dose level of 3gm/kg body weight. In contrast, the maximum feasible dose level of aqueous extract was 6g/kg body weight. It was found that 95% ethanol extracts significantly lowered the body glucose levels at 2hr (p<0. Aqueous extract also lowered the body glucose levels at 1hr, 2hr,3hr and 4hr (P<0. Hypoglycemic effect of standard drug glibenclamide (4gm/kg body weight) was also studied to compare with that of the plant extracts. Than Lwin; Khin Chit; Ti Ti; Thaw Zin; Phyu Phyu Win; Mar Mar Myint; Tin Nu Swe; Paing Soe. Results were not optimistic since 2 of the patients expired within 5 months, one showed no improvement, and gradual deterioration in chest X-ray. All patients showed significant improvement between 3 months to one year of treatment. The last patient revealed fall and rise phenomenon in bacillary load on direct smear examination. They may even find place as alternative to extremely expensive drugs like macrolides and beta-lactam antibiotics. On human subjects the fresh leaves showed no purgative action unless heat-treated by boiling otherwise. It caused purgation in 1-2 hours, with maximum effect within 3-6 hours and no effect after 12 hours following the injection. Preparations of various tincture forms to withstand storage were tested and it was observed that there was no marked difference in potency between that from the fresh leaves and that from the partially dried leaves. Administered together with meal it was found to be significantly more effective (p<0. May Aye Than; Mu Mu Sein Myint; Aye Than; Myint Thuzar Thant; Thandar Myint; Tin Nu Swe. Majority of Myanmar national people lived in rural areas and have been using traditional medicinal plants for hundred of years. Many people have used some medicinal plants, which claimed to have purgative activity, as crude drugs or as traditional medicine formulations. The study was a controlled, complete cross-over single dose design using magnesium sulphate and phenolphthalein as positive standard. Pway-mezali fresh leaves 4g which was just heated for few seconds for softening, magnesium sulphate 1 teaspoonful, and phenolphthalein 0. Pway-mezali fresh leaves showed no significant different efficacy on frequency, volume and onset when compared to phenolphthalein.
