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Collections of Prints and Photographs • Sample Citation and Introduction • Citation Rules with Examples • Examples A cheap wellbutrin 300 mg with mastercard bipolar depression lexapro. Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Individual Prints and Photographs Te general format for a reference to a print or photograph buy wellbutrin 300mg depression definition verb, including punctuation: - author and title provided: - no author named and title constructed: Examples of Citations to Individual Prints and Photographs 1036 Citing Medicine Prints and photographs usually include portraits, photographs or scenes (of people, institutions, and places), caricatures, posters, and graphic art (illustrations and diagrams). Te print may be an original drawing, woodcut, etching, engraving, lithograph, or photograph transferred to the print medium from a plate cut by an artist or engraver. Prints and photographs ofen contain little information to use in constructing a citation. Terefore, include in a citation, whenever, possible the name of a library or other public archive where the item may be found, along with any order or catalog number available. Edition has a diferent meaning for prints than that used for books and all other formats. For prints, edition refers to the total number of impressions or copies made from the original. Edition is ofen found at the bottom lef or bottom right side of a print, expressed as a fraction. For example, 10/200 means that this print is the tenth impression of a total of 200 impressions made. Tis chapter covers citing prints and photographs that are published as separate entities, not as illustrations in journal articles or books. See Chapter 1B Parts of Journal Articles and Chapter 2C Parts of Books for information on citing the latter. Paintings, sculptures, and other works of art are included only when a print or photograph of them has been made. See Chapter 17B Collections of Prints and Photographs for information on citing collections. Citation Rules with Examples for Individual Prints and Photographs Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R afer the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O afer the name means it is optional. Tis rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications. Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese). Romanization, a form of transliteration, means using the roman (Latin) alphabet to represent the letters or characters of another alphabet. Tis rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications. An organization such as a university, society, association, corporation, or governmental body may serve as an author. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division. American College of Surgeons, Committee on Trauma, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Outcomes, Working Group. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; American College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee. Tis rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications. Print or photograph author with optional full frst name Prints and Photographs 1045 3. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a list of references, abbreviate the same word in all references. Marubini E (Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy). Tis rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications. Moskva becomes Moscow Wien becomes Vienna Italia becomes Italy Espana becomes Spain Examples for Author Affiliation 9. Print or photograph with author afliation Title for Individual Prints and Photographs (required) General Rules for Title • Enter the title of the print or photograph as it appears on the original document, in the original language • Capitalize only the frst word of a title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms • Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless some other form of punctuation such as a question mark, period, or an exclamation point is already present • Follow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible; place the translation in square brackets • End a title with a space unless a question mark or exclamation point already ends it Prints and Photographs 1049 Specific Rules for Title • Titles not in English • Titles in more than one language • Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character • Titles ending in punctuation other than a period • No title can be found Box 15. Tis rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications. Indicate the languages, separated by commas, afer the date (and physical description, if given).
The chronically reproductively active fe- drug concentrations can be prevented by implanting male may exhibit weight loss from constant regurgi- a progesterone pellet that allows for continual drug tation and feather loss or mild dermatitis around the delivery discount wellbutrin 300 mg mastercard depression definition nhs. Removing eggs from the hen effectively induces a affected hens may continue to lay eggs order wellbutrin 300mg fast delivery anxiety questionnaire. The long- form of double clutching and can facilitate the prob- term solution in these cases is a salpingohysterec- lem. The most domesticated psit- tacine birds, cockatiels, lovebirds and budgerigars, Over-production are notorious chronic egg layers. Perhaps the high incidence of problems in these species indicates a Maximal safe levels of egg production and chick care lack of hormonal balance in controlling egg laying have not been determined for companion bird spe- that has occurred due to selective pressures designed cies. Dietary and environmental conditions in differ- to make birds produce continually in a variety of ent aviaries would be a factor in determining safe environmental situations. Free-ranging psittacine hens may produce only one, at the most two, clutches per year. Hens on a completely nutritious diet can continu- Egg production in excess of two clutches a year would ously lay eggs for years without deleterious effects. Many captive psittac- In most cases, however, malnutrition and the pro- ine birds (particularly Blue and Gold Macaws, cocka- gressive stress and physiologic demands of egg lay- toos and Eclectus Parrots) routinely produce four ing ultimately will compromise the hen. Calcium clutches of eggs per year with no apparent side ef- deficits lead to abnormal egg production, reduced fects; however, continued levels of unnatural clutch oviduct inertia and generalized muscular weakness. Behavior modification can be attempted to stop Over-producing hens may be thin and in poor feather the laying cycle (see Chapter 4). The stronger the condition, have poor muscular tone and be unable to environmental stimulus to cease egg laying activity, quickly involute the uterus after egg laying has the better. To ensure the long-term health of a repro- eight to ten hours a day should interrupt the hormo- ductively active hen, egg production should be lim- nal cycle, and egg laying should cease. Objects stimu- ited to two clutches a year in birds exhibiting medical lating masturbatory behavior or sexually oriented problems secondary to excessive egg production. Nutritional defi- ciencies of calcium and vitamins A and D have been3 Congenital atresia of the oviduct has been described associated with soft-shelled eggs. Therapy consists of in domestic fowl and is one of the causes of egg-re- both parenteral and oral nutritional supplements. Oviduct discontinuity can occur due to degeneration of part of the Muellerian duct during Oviduct pathology may also cause abnormal egg pro- embryonic development. Suggestive abnormalities include thin- shelled eggs, irregular external calcium deposits, or Normally, only the left ovary is present in birds, overly thick-shelled eggs. Uterine infections may except in Falconiformes and Kiwis,86 where both ova- cause rough-shelled eggs, which can be corrected by ries are frequently present. Con- repeatedly seen right ovaries in young macaws and taminated free-ranging birds in captive breeding pro- cockatoos and once in a mature Golden Conure, all jects may have reproductive abnormalities for many without evidence of a functional right oviduct. In years due to the residual activity of these poisons and these birds, the right ovary appeared vestigial as has the long-term storage of these chemicals in body fat. In domestic fowl, about is legal to divert contaminated feeds from human 90% of enlarged right ovaries are the result of dam- food production into food used for animals, directly or age to the left ovary. Occasionally, fertile eggs can by dilution, if the process of manufacturing or cook- result from ovulatory activity from the right ovary. After the Metritis, ectopic ovulation and ovarian disease may first trimester of incubation, growth of the right ovi- cause yolkless, small or sterile eggs that appear duct appears to be inhibited. Inconsistent transient times of the ducts without right ovaries (although they could egg passing through the oviduct may cause abnor- have been rudimentary and overlooked) have been mally sized eggs due to deposition of differing described in penguins and budgerigars. A slow passage time of a preced- ducts, occasionally paired with right ovaries and ing egg may allow for double ovulation to occur and oviductal orifices, have been reported in domestic result in a double-yolked egg. The problem is usually genes that affect growth and differentiation of the self-limiting. Some domestic fowl with bilateral reproduc- in association with hemorrhage at ovulation or at tive tracts can lay two eggs a day, and this unusual other locations in the reproductive tract (Color 29. A func- Shell color, yolk color and the odor of an egg can be tional-appearing right oviduct that is not altering the influenced by diet, hereditary factors and microbial health of a companion bird can remain intact. Some drugs and environmental tox- ins may cause abnormal egg production, resulting in early embryonic death or weak chicks.
The diet recommended for toucans is low in iron wellbutrin 300mg fast delivery anxiety 4th, Toucan chicks may leave the nest within 45 days of which may reduce the chances of iron storage dis- hatch and are generally weaned from two to four ease order wellbutrin 300mg overnight delivery depression kidshealth. Cannibalism of young chicks by the to 60 ppm and the suggested diets for toucans ap- parents is common if the diet is not supplemented proximate these levels. Vitamin C enhances the absorp- diced pieces of grape, banana, and pinkie mice tion of iron, and citrus fruits should be offered on a soaked in water and offered by forceps. The neonates were fed every two hours for the first The floor of a toucan enclosure should be well drained twelve hours and then every three hours for 16 days, and easy to clean. Birds that birds do not have a crop and should be fed smaller are losing weight and consistently excreting undi- quantities and more frequently than psittacine neo- gested food should be evaluated. Toucans are best bred in large, planted flight enclo- sures with plenty of privacy. The walls of the enclo- Toucans can be anesthetized using isoflurane deliv- sure should be covered with a cloth or plastic barrier ered through a modified face mask (Figure 47. A rubber glove is stretched over the opposite end of the bottle and taped in place. An appropriate- sized slit is placed in the glove to allow insertion of the beak and nostrils. Based on the frequency of iron storage disease in a presumably genetically diverse Diseases group of birds, it is likely that an efficient iron ab- sorption process plays some role in the development of iron storage disease. Liver Disease Toucans with hemochromatosis may die acutely with no premonitory signs or can develop clinical signs, Toucans are frequently diagnosed with iron storage including emaciation, dyspnea and abdominal en- disease, liver cirrhosis and chronic acute hepatitis largement (ascites). They are among the species of birds enlarged, yellow liver with ascites (see Color 20). There does seem to be some species predisposition, with Toco Toucans being particularly Previously, an antemortem diagnosis of iron storage susceptible. Liver biopsies from these birds showed histologic evidence of hemochromatosis, and toxic levels of iron were above the reported normal of 100-300 ppm. In this case, a rectly affects their ability to repro- toucanet from a breeding aviary was found dead in its enclosure. Fluid collected by abdominocentesis at necropsy was characterized as a transudate and there was no bacterial growth. The enlarged liver and spleen are gen- The normal aerobic and microaerophilic microflora of erally covered with numerous raised, white-to-yel- clinically normal toucans include Escherichia coli, low-orange foci (see Color 20). In these cases, bacteremia results in formation of 53 asymptomatic toucans representing five differ- 6 of granulomas in numerous parenchymatous organs. Klebsiella pneumonia was recovered from 50% of the clinically normal Red-billed and It has been suggested that Y. Birds from aviaries with good hygiene had portion of a toucan’s bill, but the involvement of this fewer gram-negative bacteria than birds from less bacteria in causing these lesions has not been con- well maintained facilities. Small ro- are able to withstand colonization of the gastrointes- dents, such as mice and rats, which normally are part tinal tract by these bacteria better than are psittac- of the toucan diet, are known to carry Y. Because gram-negative pathogens are fre- 11 culosis and may serve as a reservoir for infection. All newly arriving toucans, tura- losis) has been documented as a cause of acute death cos and hornbills in a bird facility that normally following a brief period of lethargy in toucans. Changing the diet and initiating antifungal therapy prevented any further problems in the other neonates. Viral Diseases Newcastle disease virus was isolated from 3 of 48 toucans tested in a quar- antine station. The herpesvirus isolated from the toucan did following a one-day history of anorexia. The bird had not react with Pacheco’s disease virus-specific anti- acute nephrosis, and Aeromonas hydrophilia was re- bodies, suggesting that the isolate from the toucan covered from the heart and liver. Necropsy findings included a swollen and Parasites congested liver, spleen and kidney.
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